Buying a New House Can Increase One's Stress Level.
What is the Stress Response?
By Dr. Saul McLeod, published 2010
Stress is a biological and psychological response experienced on encountering a threat that we feel we do non have the resources to deal with.
A stressor is the stimulus (or threat) that causes stress, e.g. exam, divorce, death of loved 1, moving house, loss of job.
Sudden and severe stress generally produces:
- Increment in heart charge per unit
- Increase in breathing (lungs dilate)
- Subtract in digestive activity (don't experience hungry)
- Liver released glucose for energy
Firstly, our body judges a situation and decides whether or non information technology is stressful. This decision is made based on sensory input and processing (i.e. the things we run into and hear in the situation) and too on stored memories (i.eastward. what happened the last time we were in a similar situation).
If the situation is judged as being stressful, the hypothalamus (at the base of the brain) is activated.
The hypothalamus in the encephalon is in charge of the stress response. When a stress response is triggered, it sends signals to two other structures: the pituitary gland, and the adrenal medulla.
These short term responses are produced by The Fight or Flight Response via the Sympathomedullary Pathway (SAM). Long term stress is regulated by the Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal (
Chronic stress response: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal organisation (HPA) system.
The Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System
- The stressor activates the Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis
- The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland
- The pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce the hormone corticosteroid
- Cortisol enables the body to maintain steady supplies of blood sugar
- Adequate and steady blood saccharide levels assistance a person to cope with prolonged stressor, and helps the torso to return to normal
The adrenal cortex releases stress hormones called cortisol. This has a number of functions including releasing stored glucose from the liver (for free energy) and controlling swelling after an injury. The immune organisation is suppressed while this happens.
Sympathomedullary Pathway (SAM)
The hypothalamus as well activates the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is part of the autonomic nervous organisation (ANS).
The ANS is the function of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control organisation, maintaining homeostasis in the trunk. These activities are generally performed without conscious control.
The adrenal medulla secretes the hormone adrenaline. This hormone gets the body fix for a fight or flying response. Physiological reaction includes increased centre rate.
Adrenaline leads to the arousal of the sympathetic nervous system and reduced activity in the parasympathetic nervous organization.
Adrenaline creates changes in the body such as decreases (in digestion) and increases sweating, increased pulse and claret pressure.
Once the 'threat' is over the parasympathetic co-operative takes control and brings the body back into a balanced state.
No ill effects are experienced from the brusk-term response to stress and it further has survival value in an evolutionary context.
Evaluation
Strengths
- Measuring stress hormones gives an objective measure of stress.
- Fight/flight response can exist seen in all mammals in response to threats.
Weakness
- There is considerable variation in the level and type of hormones released past different people and in response to different stressors – not a simple physiological process.
- People without adrenal glands need hormonal supplements to survive stress.
- Symington (1955) found that conscious dying patients showed unlike stress reactions to unconscious ones. Suggests that psychological factors play a role.
APA Style References
Currie, A. R., & Symington, T. (1955). The pathology of the pituitary and adrenal glands in systemic disease in man. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 48(11), 908.
How to reference this commodity:
How to reference this article:
McLeod, S. A. (2010). What is the stress response. Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/stress-biology.html
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